Vascular malformations are abnormal growths or formations of blood vessels that can occur in various parts of the body, such as the brain, skin, or organs. These malformations can be present at birth or develop over time, and can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or disfigurement. Treatment options for vascular malformations can include surgery, embolization, or laser therapy, depending on the location and severity of the malformation. Researchers are studying the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of vascular malformations to improve outcomes for patients.